![]() ![]() Eighteen studies, including 2,185 participants, were included in the present meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects approach in case of significant between-study heterogeneity. ![]() PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central library international databases were searched till September 2021. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of NAC supplementation on ovulation and sex hormones profile. Clinical trials on the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplementation on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with PCOS have been controversial. Unusual hormonal status can lead to the inability of ovaries to release functional and mature follicles. The infertility rate is high among patients with PCOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterized by unusual levels of sex hormones and dysfunction of the ovaries. ![]() Systemic L-NAC is approved for human use, and thus our findings raise the possibility that this biologically active thiol may be an effective compound to combat opioid-induced respiratory depression in human subjects. Bolus injections of L-NAC given 60 and 90 min after start of fentanyl infusion elicited rapid and sustained reversal of the deleterious effects of fentanyl infusion on ventilatory parameters and ABG chemistry, whereas they did not affect the sedative or analgesic effects of fentanyl. Fentanyl infusion elicited pronounced disturbances in (1) ventilatory parameters (e.g., decreases in frequency of breathing, tidal volume and minute ventilation), (2) ABG chemistry (decreases in pH, pO2, sO2 with increases in pCO2), (3) A-a gradient (increases that were consistent with reduced alveolar gas exchange), and (4) sedation and analgesia. The present study describes the effects of bolus injections of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC, 500 μmol/kg, IV) on ventilatory parameters, ABG chemistry, Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient, sedation (righting reflex) and analgesia status (tail-flick latency assay) in unanesthetized adult male Sprague Dawley rats receiving a continuous infusion of fentanyl (1 μg/kg/min, IV). ![]() There is an urgent need for development of drugs that are able to reverse the adverse effects of opioids on breathing and arterial blood-gas (ABG) chemistry while preserving opioid analgesia. ![]()
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